The paper explores the strategic importance of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing the planet’s ecological challenges. The authors argue that AI holds significant potential for advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Special attention is given to the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), both as creators and adopters of AI-based solutions, in driving the environmental transformation of the economy. The study examines key application areas for AI such as pollution monitoring, wildfire prevention, waste management, water resource optimization, energy efficiency, and biodiversity preservation. The analysis includes both Russian case studies and international initiatives (e.g., China, Copernicus, AI for Earth) that illustrate the effectiveness of AI integration in environmental contexts. It also identifies several obstacles specific to the Russian landscape, including limited funding, talent shortages, and regulatory gaps. At the same time, the authors highlight Russia’s potential to foster a green AI ecosystem through state support and the development of partnerships. The paper concludes with an outlook on the export potential of AI solutions in energy, agriculture, and logistics